來源:昌昇自動化時間:2021-05-13
以yi前qian的de電dian梯ti,匹pi配pei的de都dou是shi進jin口kou變bian頻pin器qi。變bian頻pin器qi隻zhi是shi電dian梯ti的de一yi個ge核he心xin設she備bei,品pin牌pai不bu一yi定ding一yi樣yang。打da個ge比bi方fang,日ri立li的de電dian梯ti不bu一yi定ding就jiu配pei日ri立li的de變bian頻pin器qi,富fu士shi的de電dian梯ti也ye不bu一yi定ding就jiu是shi富fu士shi變bian頻pin器qi。電dian梯ti是shi一yi個ge係xi統tong設she備bei,品pin牌pai很hen多duo,有you些xie品pin牌pai我wo自zi己ji也ye沒mei見jian過guo。但dan驅qu動dong器qi這zhe東dong西xi,作zuo用yong大da同tong小xiao異yi,萬wan變bian不bu離li其qi宗zong。十shi幾ji年nian的de維wei修xiu生sheng涯ya中zhong,接jie觸chu較jiao多duo的de品pin牌pai有you:MICOVERT米高、keb科比、HITACHI日立、FUJI富士、YASKAWA安川等等,後來國產入局,才有了驅動控製一體機,接觸如MONARCH默納克,MODROL蒙德,YOLICO優利康等等。

下麵說一些常見品牌的維修案例:
(1)FUJI富士
日(ri)本(ben)企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)國(guo)內(nei)已(yi)經(jing)深(shen)耕(geng)多(duo)年(nian),三(san)菱(ling),日(ri)立(li),富(fu)士(shi)電(dian)梯(ti)早(zao)已(yi)三(san)足(zu)鼎(ding)立(li)。我(wo)公(gong)司(si)附(fu)近(jin)就(jiu)是(shi)日(ri)立(li)的(de)工(gong)業(ye)園(yuan),主(zhu)要(yao)就(jiu)是(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)電(dian)梯(ti)。這(zhe)裏(li)單(dan)說(shuo)富(fu)士(shi)電(dian)梯(ti)變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)。富(fu)士(shi)最(zui)早(zao)的(de)電(dian)梯(ti)變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)應(ying)用(yong),可(ke)以(yi)追(zhui)溯(su)到(dao)vg3的年代。Vg3變頻器是富士最早帶矢量控製的變頻器,控製板+電源+驅動在一張pcb板上完成。就是現在,市場上還有vg3係列的產品在服役,時間應該有20年以上了,可見其產品性能的可靠。往後的換代產品就是vg5係列,vg7係列……
一台富士vg3電梯變頻器,啟動報警ocguoliuguzhang。woshuoguo,diantibianpinqiguoliuhewaibuxiangguan,zaizhidaoyonghupaichu,mada,baozha,bianmaqidoumeiyouwenti,kehufaguolaiweixiu。yiqiandechanpin,banda,guanjianyuanjiancaiyongfenlijian。shouxianhuaiyiqudongyouwenti,fushibianpinqidianyuancaiyonggaopinkaiguandianyuan,lvbodianrongyongdehenxiao,shijijiancecongcpu輸出到驅動的信號,6個橋臂全都正常。第二步是檢測編碼器脈衝反饋電路,就發現了問題,原來編碼器a相(xiang)反(fan)饋(kui)光(guang)耦(ou)有(you)一(yi)個(ge)觸(chu)發(fa)不(bu)良(liang)了(le)。更(geng)換(huan)元(yuan)件(jian)後(hou),先(xian)加(jia)負(fu)載(zai)模(mo)擬(ni)試(shi)機(ji),輸(shu)出(chu)正(zheng)常(chang)。修(xiu)改(gai)參(can)數(shu),然(ran)後(hou)帶(dai)馬(ma)達(da)運(yun)行(xing),檢(jian)測(ce)電(dian)流(liu)電(dian)壓(ya),輸(shu)出(chu)已(yi)經(jing)正(zheng)常(chang)。
題外話:ribenzaoqidequdongshebei,yongliaoshizu,wendingxingnashimeideshuode,gengjuedeshi,chengxuyingyongfeichangshiheyuwomenyazhourendesiwei,haoshangshouyehaoweixiu。danhoulaidechanpinsuiranyewanqilexinyan,wendingxingdadazhekou,weixiuchengbengao,daihuanfanerrongyi。danjishujiushizheyangbeishidaituizhezoude,wukehoufei。
(2)Keb科比
科比是德國產品,電梯產品以前是f4係列,現在最多的是f5係列。科比的硬件設計堪稱一絕。關鍵部件用自己研發的陶瓷厚膜,即使節省內部空間,也增加了產品的穩定性。keb的硬件講究夠用,而且恰到好處,不像西門子施耐德的東西,想得多做得也複雜,到頭來性能也沒見提高多少啊(吐槽)。kebixihuanyinzangzijidecanshu,mingmingjiqiantiaocanshu,yibanheyonghujianmiande,jiujishitiao,qiebeihoudeluojiguanliantaifuza,yitaijijitaoyingyongchengxubeizhuang,yingyongkunnan。
實例:客戶送來一台f4 22kw電梯變頻器,來的時候電源燒了,整機無顯示。22kw的f4有兩個電源,一個高壓一個低壓。奇葩的是震蕩厚膜,用了個555時(shi)基(ji)芯(xin)片(pian),但(dan)已(yi)經(jing)炸(zha)了(le)。時(shi)基(ji)芯(xin)片(pian)看(kan)起(qi)來(lai)簡(jian)單(dan),但(dan)集(ji)成(cheng)在(zai)厚(hou)膜(mo)上(shang),買(mai)不(bu)到(dao)啊(a),要(yao)命(ming)的(de)是(shi)電(dian)阻(zu)阻(zu)值(zhi)都(dou)是(shi)印(yin)製(zhi)上(shang)去(qu)的(de),根(gen)本(ben)推(tui)算(suan)不(bu)出(chu)這(zhe)個(ge)震(zhen)蕩(dang)頻(pin)率(lv)是(shi)多(duo)少(shao)。考(kao)慮(lv)再(zai)三(san),決(jue)定(ding)用(yong)拆(chai)機(ji)下(xia)來(lai)的(de)3844電路板代換,反正次級加在24vdianyuanshangquyangjiushi,zheyangjiubuyongqutuiqiaozhegeguguaidedianyuanzhendangpinlv。dianyuanweixiufanganhaole,youyoupeijian,yicichenggong。dan,diantibianpinqishibihuankongzhide,zenyangshiji?kebiwowandeduo,youtiaoshiruanjian,woyibanshixianbachengxuyongruanjianbeifenxialai,xiufudeshihouruguoxuyaodaimadaqueding,jiuhuanyigekongzhimoshikaihuanshiji,shihaohouzhuangzaiyuanlaicanshu,ranhouyongmoniceshiyiceshiyixia(主要是編碼器反饋)。
科(ke)比(bi)的(de)變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi),如(ru)果(guo)參(can)數(shu)沒(mei)有(you)條(tiao)件(jian)備(bei)份(fen),建(jian)議(yi)還(hai)是(shi)不(bu)要(yao)改(gai)參(can)數(shu)試(shi)電(dian)機(ji)了(le)。隻(zhi)要(yao)改(gai)了(le)控(kong)製(zhi)模(mo)式(shi),改(gai)回(hui)去(qu)用(yong)戶(hu)基(ji)本(ben)宣(xuan)告(gao)用(yong)不(bu)了(le),客(ke)戶(hu)用(yong)不(bu)了(le)你(ni)怎(zen)麼(me)叫(jiao)他(ta)付(fu)錢(qian)?
(3)MODROL蒙德
mengdeshiguochandiantibianpinqi,huotishangyongdejiaoduo,biruguangzhouzhujiangfushidiantidequdongbianpinqi,jiushimengdechanpin。mengdezhegepinpai,zaiguoneimingqibuda,danqiqiaomimiyijingshentoudaoleyixiexingyeshebei,ruqizhong,jichuang,zhusuzhexiexingye。jiuxingyedingweilaishuo,mengdededingweihaishibijiaozhuanyide,chanpinzaiguochanpinpaidangzhongsuanyouxiudele。danmengdedechanpingui,bubianyi,lunshichangzhanyoulv,gujimeiyoujiangsumonake。
實例:一台蒙德ism-gl3dediantibianpinqi,wuxianshi,bierenxiuguo。gaoshebeiweixiude,zuipabierenxiuguodejizi,zhewuguantongxingdejishuruhe,zhuyaoshimeigerenfenxidianludesilubuyiyang:有的上來就動烙鐵,有的喜歡用代換法……zhetaibianpinqijushuoshimokuaizha,tongxinghuanlemokuai,danzhuangjihou,diantijiaoxiangshangxingguochengzhong,ouerhuibaoguoliuguozaiguzhang。xiongdidanweihuaiyibianmaqiyouwenti,xianchanggenghuanhouhaishiyiyang。
我的分析是:diantinengqidongyunxing,erqieguzhangduocishishangxingguochengzhongchuxian,guzhangdianyinggaizaidianliujiancedianluhuozhequdongdianlu,yinweidiantigongzuoshi,shangxingshiquangonglvyunxing,zheshihoudianliufankuidexiangweicha,fuduzuida,fanyingchulaidexianxiangshimadashengyinqingweibudui,shiceyixiangdianliushaoda。
帶測速的閉環控製變頻器,工作時電流的動態反饋,兩相的幅度大小必須一樣(相位不一樣)!因為這個檢測反饋幅度,會送到cpuchuliqi,yushuchuxiangdianliu,zuochafenbijiao,tangruoyixiangfudupianxiaohuozhepianda,kongzhiyunsuandianlujiurenwei,xiangguanxiangweidianliubugou,yanchiqudongshuchumaikuan,congertigaoleshuchudianliu,daozhimadasanxiangbupingheng,yinqiguoliuguozaiguzhang。
確定了維修方向,先從簡單的做起:取下IGBT模塊,給霍爾電路做交流動態檢測,結果霍爾輸出完全正常。檢測驅動電路,示波器上場,觸發翻轉也正常。注意:可以觸發並不代表驅動電路就完全正常,還要檢測觸發電源,將示波器延時調短至us級,測濾波供電,結果發現w相紋波較重,實測電容容量,已經下降了一半以上,更換電容。現場試機,過載問題徹底解決。
電(dian)容(rong)紋(wen)波(bo)這(zhe)個(ge)問(wen)題(ti),不(bu)管(guan)是(shi)進(jin)口(kou)品(pin)牌(pai)還(hai)是(shi)國(guo)產(chan)品(pin)牌(pai),都(dou)會(hui)出(chu)現(xian),在(zai)電(dian)子(zi)元(yuan)件(jian)中(zhong),電(dian)容(rong)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)最(zui)難(nan)把(ba)握(wo),且(qie)受(shou)環(huan)境(jing)影(ying)響(xiang)因(yin)數(shu)也(ye)最(zui)大(da)。但(dan)有(you)的(de)品(pin)牌(pai)電(dian)容(rong),如(ru)愛(ai)普(pu)科(ke)斯(si)EPCOS,質量的確點讚。維修工控產品,最好不要用民用級別的元件,代換工業級別的元件。進口的電容,目測就是個頭大,容量小;國產的恰好相反,就是個頭小,容量大。但別以為國產的技術更先進,在皮實耐用上,進口甩國產產品老遠。比如lenze伺si服fu器qi上shang用yong的de電dian容rong,漏lou液ye都dou比bi較jiao明ming顯xian了le,設she備bei照zhao樣yang能neng堅jian持chi一yi年nian半ban載zai。國guo產chan的de如ru台tai安an,海hai利li普pu,有you的de電dian容rong也ye不bu見jian蛻tui皮pi啊a,但dan故gu障zhang大da多duo和he電dian容rong有you關guan。
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